Determination of pesticides used in citrus fruits. Optimization of the extraction technique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64876/radi.v23.41-48Keywords:
pesticides, orange, QuEChERS, GC-MSAbstract
A pesticide extraction method was optimized to determine imazalil, etion, and malathion in oranges using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A modified QuEChERS method served as the basis. Different extraction and reconstitution solvents, as well as adsorbents, were tested. The combination of acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hexane was tested as extraction and reconstitution solvents, while a combination of PSA, C18, C8, activated charcoal, chitosan, diol, and florisil was tested as adsorbents in the clean-up stage. Finally, the extraction solvent was evaporated to dryness to be reconstituted in 0.5 ml of organic solvent. The highest chromatographic response was obtained using ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent, hexane as the reconstitution solvent, and 0.5 g of florisil as the adsorbent. Good linearity was achieved, with R2 values >0.99 in all cases, relative standard deviations below 10%, and recovery percentages between 85% and 114%.
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